Biofilms essays

Biofilms essays What is a Biofilm?You may not be familiar with the term "biofilm" but you have certainly encountered biofilm on a regular basis. The plaque that forms on your teeth and causes tooth decay is a type of bacterial biofilm. The "gunk" that clogs your drains is also biofilm. If you have ever walked in a stream or river, you may have slipped on the biofilm-coated rocks. Biofilms are defined as 3-dimensional highly structured architecture of microcolony formed by populations of micro-organisms (prokaryotic and eukaryotic unicellular organisms) that are attached to an environmental surface. I would like to make a note however: experts who deal with Biofilms sometimes consider these formations as a double-edged sword. There are many profitable applications of these unique structures; although they are responsible for a range of disastrous effects on the environment, human health and various industries. As the same corrosive effects of biofilms, are used in advantageous applications of various industries. These various applications will be discussed later on throughout our presentation. You will be surprised to know that the majority of microorganisms in nature aggregate into Biofilms. Which strengthens the community as a whole and improves the rate of survival for each individual microorganism. In order for biofilms to form, there are minimal conditions to be met. The most important of which is water, moisture is essential for Biofilms. Aggregations of microorganisms can only come together in a watery environment. This increases their diffusion gradient, and absorbance of nutrients. There are other requirements such as light, depending on the organism. These conditions if met encourage the growth of a variety of bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes. These microbial communities usually encase themselves in an extracellular polysaccharide substance or EPS in which they themselves synthesise. The integration of variou...

Augusto Boal essays

Augusto Boal essays In the 1992 council elections in Rio de Janeiro a first time candidate with the Workers Party succeeded in being elected. His name was Augusto Boal, a theatre practitioner dedicated to empowering societys oppressed, and his selection marked the beginning of an experiment to fuse theatre and politics in a way that was previously unexplored. Boal is most famous for his book, Theatre of the Oppressed, in which he outlines his belief that conventional theatre reinforces the political ideologies which have created a society of extremes, in which the rich get richer and the poor poorer. His election, therefore, was a chance to make theatre as politics instead of simply making political theatre and provided the opportunity for the people of Rio de Janeiro to directly affect the legislative process. However, some detractors have suggested that this latest development directly contradicts the philosophical, political and theatrical theories that Boal professes as fundamental to his work. T hey claim that his initial mantra that theatre is a rehearsal for revolution has been replaced by a process of acceptance, of making-do in a corrupt and unequal political system. As Ben Kershaw, in his review of Legislative Theatre, states the practices of Legislative Theatre may even be seen by some as a capitulation to the very forces of oppression that the theatre of the oppressed originally hoped to vanquish. Fundamental to any analysis of Legislative Theatre is an understanding of the political and philosophical ideologies that underpin Boals work. As he outlines in the foreword to Theatre of the Oppressed all theatre is necessarily political and thus all theatrical audiences must be politically engaged. He delineates how initially theatre was entirely of the people; it was synonymous with the carnival and the festival, with singing and dancing on the street....

Internationalization of Procter & Gamble (P&G) Essay

Internationalization of Procter & Gamble (P&G) - Essay Example The popularity and acceptance of P&G was well certified by ACNielsen, which surveyed and found that 99% of U.S. households use one or the other P&G product. P& G completed the acquisition of The Gillette Company for approximately $53.43 billion on October 1, 2005. Gillette is a leading consumer products company that had $10.48 billion of sales in its most recent pre-acquisition year ended December 31, 2004. (Annual Report 2006). Globalization has brought about intense competition for global markets amongst the major multinational companies. These companies have been looking outwards to reorient their organizational structures and strategies to capture the global markets by positioning their products strategically. A recent study of the US and European companies revealed that 75 percent were taking up the above strategic reorganization in order to stay competitive and staying competitive was considered the single most important external issue on their agenda. Past experiences have shown that poor planning further embattled by rudimentary understanding of the cultural aspects of the global market places had ruined the huge marketing campaigns of even the multinational companies. ... , more penny wise, or a little more nationalistic, and they are spending more of their money on local drinks whose flavors are not part of the Coca-Cola line up. (Rance, 2000). In 21st century international marketeer should seek solution to choice problem between standardization and adaptation. (Ghemawat, 2003). A vital challenge for the international marketing strategy of a firm is the need to understand the different milieus the company needs to operate in. That is comprehending different cultural, economic, and political environments is necessary for the success of a company. Culture is one of the most challenging and devious elements of the international marketplace. These challenges encouraged numerous researchers to take up international marketing studies concerning behavioral differences in consumers across nations (e.g. Lynn, Zinkhan et al. 1993; Nakata and Sivakumar 1996: Brass 1991; McCarty and Hattwick 1991; Hafstrom, Chae et al. 1992; Steenkamp, Hofstede et al. 1999; Chu, Spires et al. 1999; Husted 2000).P& G has also been adopting a strategic globalization stance and has been a forerunner in this race as explained below. Internationalization at P&G P& G is patently a multinational corporation (MNC) with substantial direct investment in foreign markets which is in addition to its normal lines of exports.P& G is also involved in the active management of this portfolio of foreign investments without being just a passive financial investor of funds. Through its various business unit structures it has adopted an integrated management of its operations. On July 1, 2006, nine months after closing the (Gillette) acquisition, P&G completed the largest wave of business systems integration so far. P&G integrated systems in 26 countries, spanning five

Professional Codes of Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professional Codes of Ethics - Research Paper Example Provision Five states that the nurse should be competent and accept to serve with integrity. Provision Six stipulates that a nurse, through individual and collective efforts, should strive to offer quality services to the patients by properly manipulating the environment. Provision Seven states that the nurse should adhere to the principle of Evidence-Based Practice and be ready to advance their skills through research and education. It stipulates that a nurse needs to be a team player with collaborates with their colleagues, physicians, doctors, careres and the general public in promoting healthcare in the country.Provision Nine advocates for a strict observance of professional integrity amongst the nurses. In my capacity as a professional nurse, I would like to point out that these codes of ethics are above board. It does not leave out any single issue and strives to highlight all the important aspects of nursing that needs to be observed. In other words, all the elements captured in the list are of great value to the profession since they contain everything that needs to be done to ensure that the nurses do their best. However, the only recommendation that I can make is it can still be made much better if additional provisions are included to touch on the implementation, enforcement and the consequences of failing to adhere with them. Also, it should include a provision that deals with benevolence and the role of communication, confidentiality and the seeking of personal consent while handling a patient.

The halo effect in persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The halo effect in persuasion - Essay Example Robert Cialdini (psychology professor) suggested six principles of persuasion. These are principle of reciprocation, principle of scarcity, principle of authority, principle of commitment and consistency, principle of consensus, and the principle of liking. In this report, however, only principle of reciprocation will be discussed. According to Cialdini (2006) such a principle can be clearly seen in each of the human cultures. Principle of reciprocation requires that a person repays what another person has provided. In other words, it is like doing a favor while expecting them to return it at a later stage. The second way by which the Rule of Reciprocity may allow for a rise in the compliance makes use of a slight variation on the actual subject: rather than to provide a favor initially which would lead to a stimulation of a returned favor, a person might rather decided on a first concession which would result in a return concession. There is a certain compliance process that is called the â€Å"reject-then-retreat-technique†, or â€Å"door-in-the-face-technique†, has a major dependence upon the stress of reciprocating concessions. Through initiating with a major favor of which there is a major probability of rejection, the requester can later beneficially back away with a smaller request, which is the one that was needed since the beginning. There is a probability of such a request being accepted since seemingly it is a concession. I applied principle of reciprocation on two people. One was a friend, while other was a stranger. This helped me find whether the other person returned favor only because he was a friend and/or just being nice, or was it the principle of reciprocation. I applied both, rule of reciprocation and the reject-then-retreat technique. The rule of reciprocation failed to work with my friend,

Composition Of The Complex Ion By Continuous Variation Biology Essay

Composition Of The Complex Ion By Continuous Variation Biology Essay Transition metals will normally form a complexes or coordination compound. In other words, transition metal ions will form complexes ions by coordination. Those complexes are formed by the coordination of lone pairs of electron from donor is called a ligand to an atom or cation, which is also known as an acceptor which has empty orbital to accommodate them. A cation may form a complex with a neutral molecule. Besides that, an atom may also form a complex. The charge remaining on the central atom or ion when the ligands are removed with their lone pairs is called the oxidation number of the metal in the complex. The number of atom forming coordinate bonds with the central atom or ion is called the coordination number. Iron is one of the transition metal found in the periodic table. When iron is at the oxidation state of +3, it will form an octahedral complex. Fe3+ tends to be stabilized which is relative to Fe2+ by anionic ligands which have its greatest affinity for oxygen donor include phosphate, tartrate, citrate, oxalate and EDTA. The color of these complexes is normally pale in color due 6A1g ground state and the occurrence of spin-forbidden which is visible to see. Fe3+ in acidic solution consisted of an anions which have low ability of coordination. All ultraviolet spectrophotometers consist of a photoelectric device which is used to measure the radiant energy. The 4 essential components of the spectrophotometers are a source of radiant energy, the spectrophotometer or monochromator, the absorption-cell assembly and the photometer or detecting device. The spectrophotometers components will permit the selection of radiant energy of the desired wavelength. A quartz prism or a ruled grating is normally employed as the dispersive element in order to separate a continuous spectrum into its constituent wavelengths. T The optical system of the spectrometer is designed to give different angle of incidence so that the radiant energy of a desired wavelength can be selected to emerge from the exit slit of the spectrometer. The entrance slit is necessary to ensure that the light entering the spectrometers be parallel although at the same time limiting its intensity; the exit slit limits the spectral width of the radiant energy emerging from the spectrophotometer to make this emergent beam as monochromatic. When there is an entrance-slit width is small relative to the exit-slit widths, this will make the spectral range to be narrower but the intensity of the emergent light is weak. By increasing the width of the entrance slit relative to the exit slit will widens the spectral range but the relative intensity at the nominal wavelength is higher. In order to have enough intensity for photometric measurements with prism spectrometers it is necessary to vary the slit width when the wavelength change, this r equires a synchronous adjustment of the two slit widths. Methods/Apparatus: Result: X1L (mol) Absorbance at ÃŽ » (nm) Average(nm) 1 2 0.1 0.053 0.060 0.0565 0.2 0.098 0.103 0.1005 0.3 0.126 0.131 0.1285 0.4 0.143 0.147 0.1450 0.5 0.146 0.152 0.1490 0.6 0.138 0.144 0.1410 0.7 0.117 0.123 0.1200 0.8 0.086 0.092 0.0890 0.9 0.049 0.036 0.0425 Graph: From the graph above, the value of the X is 0.5 mol. Calculation: The number of ligand that is attached to the metal can be calculate as follows: X: (1-X) L: M y = ax  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­a (1-x) = x 1-x = 0.5 1-0.5 = 1 To calculate the molar absorptivity of the mixture is as follow: A= ÃŽ µbc 0.1490 nm = ÃŽ µ (1 cm) (0.5 mol) ÃŽ µ = 0.298 L mol−1 cm−1 Discussion: Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy Ultraviolet and visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy provides information about compounds with conjugated double bonds. It consist just enough right energy to cause an electronic transition which is the promotion of an electron from one orbital to another higher energy. When a molecule absorbs ultraviolet light, a UV spectrum is obtained. However, if the molecule absorbs lower-energy visible light, a visible spectrum is obtained. Spectrophotometer The photographic methods of spectrophotometer are not very slow and expensive, but are also limited in accuracy in the measurement of absorption intensity. The accuracy will be in the range of  ±2 to  ±5%. The modern photoelectric spectrophotometer is known to be accurate within  ±0.2%for the intensity measurement. The photoelectric instruments incorporate one or more photo-cell with certain sensitivity over the whole wavelength range. Fe3+ complex and salicylic acid Ammonium Iron (III) sulfate is a double salt in the class of alums. It have the molecular formula of NH4Fe (SO4)2. Fe3+ complexes is a tridentate compound which means that can attach to the central atom. However, salicylic acid is a bidentate compound which means that they are chelate agent which they have two groups that can attach to the central atom. The molecular formula of salicylic acid is C7H6 O3, which the OH group is ortho to the carboxyl group (COOH). Jobs Method The empirical method shows that only single complex is formed between the reactants. This method also used to determine the complex stoichiometry of the molecular complexes, where hey have the ratio of 1:1. The more systematic method for the determination of complex stoichiometry is also known as Jobs method of continuous variation. This method is used for the photometric analysis of a mixture in the ratio of x: (1-x) volumes of equimolar solutions of concentration M of the two components A and B of the complex. It is assumed that there is no change in the volume when this 2 solution mixed. The equilibrium is expressed by the equation as the following: ÃŽ ±A+ ÃŽ ²B=AÃŽ ±BÃŽ ²=C K= [A]ÃŽ ±[B]ÃŽ ² [C] where, K=instability constant of the complex C. At experiment condition specified that the equmolar solutions of A and B of concentration M mixed in proportion x: (1-x): xM=[A]+ ÃŽ ±[C]=cA (1-x) M=[B]+ ÃŽ ² [C]=cB where, quantities in the square brackets = actual concentrations cA and cB=total concentrations of free plus complexes A and B It is assumed that all the 3 species which are A, B and C obey the Beers law at the selected wavelength. The absorbance A of the solution in a 1 cm cell is as follow: A= ÃŽ µC[C]+ ÃŽ µA[A]+ ÃŽ µB[B] and Δ A=A- ÃŽ µA[A]- ÃŽ µB[B]= ÃŽ µC[C] is the difference in absorbance of an actual solution and a mixture when there is no complexing reaction occurs. Δ A is proportional to[C]. The wavelength that is chosen is greatly different from ÃŽ µA and ÃŽ µB. To make the calculation easier, it can be assume that both ÃŽ µA and ÃŽ µB are 0. A plot of Δ A against x is then curve with a maximum, which is corresponds to: y = ÃŽ ± (ÃŽ ±+ ÃŽ ²) Graph and Results According to the graph plotted above, the curve with a highest peak can obtain ed. With the highest peak, the mole fraction of ligand and its absorbance can be calculated. The number of the ligand that attached to the metal can be mono-, bis-, or tris (5-fluorosalicylato) iron (III) complexes. In another hand, the complex can be formed together with the monohydroxo and dihydroxo side. Hence, the theoretical value for y may be 1,2 or 3. But for our case, the y value is 1. The y value of 1 indicated that for the mixture of salicylic acid and ammonium iron (III) sulphate have only 1 ligand that is attached to the iron (III) complex ion and they only have 2 bonds between the ligand and metal.. The ligand ratio may be due to different types of species distribution and electronic absorption band of the complexes in the spectrum. Besides that, by plotting the graph, the value ÃŽ µ can be calculated. The value of ÃŽ µ calculated is 0.298 L mol−1 cm−1. This indicate that the molar absorptivity of the mixture of ammonium (III) sulphate and salicylic acid is 0.298 L mol−1 cm−1. Device used to determine the spectrum of the salicylic acid and ammonium iron (III) sulphate The device that can be used to determine the spectrum of the salicylic acid and ammonium iron (III) sulphate is infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy. The infrared spectroscopy can be used to identify the functional groups in the salicylic acid and ammonium iron (III) sulphate. The infrared spectrum can be obtained by passing a beam of infrared radiation through a sample of the complex. Then the detector will generate a plot of percent transmission of radiation versus the wavenumber or wavelength of the radiation that is transmitted. NMR spectroscopy is used to determine the structure. It can also used to identify the functionality at a specific carbon, how the neighboring carbon appear and how the entire structure of a molecule. When a sample is subjected to a radiofrequency (rf) radiation, the nuclei in the ÃŽ ±-spin state can be promoted to the ÃŽ ²-spin sate (called flipping the spin). When the nuclei return to their original state, they emit signals whose frequency depends on the difference in energy (ΔE) between the ÃŽ ±- and ÃŽ ²- spin states. The NMR spectrometer is used to detect the signals and display it as a plot of signal frequency versus intensity is known as an NMR spectrum. The mass spectroscopy can give a structural information about the salicylic acid and ammonium iron (III) sulphate because the m/z values and relative abundances of the fragments depends on the strength of the molecular ions bonds and the stability of the fragments. In the mass spectrometry, a small amount of a compound is introduced into an instrument called the mass spectrometer where it is vaporized and then ionized (an electron is removed from each molecule). The common methods that is use to bombard the vaporized molecules with a beam of high energy electrons. The energy of the beam can be varied. When the electron beam hits a molecule, it knocks out an electron producing a molecular ion. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy is used to determine the compounds with conjugated double bonds. When a molecule absorbs light of an appropriate wavelength, an electron can be promoted to a higher energy orbital. It is promoted from the highest occupied molecular (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). This is called the electron transition and the molecule is said to be in the excited state. The electronic transition with the lowest energy is promotion of a nonbonding electron (n) into a ÃŽ   antibonding molecular orbital. This is called the n ÃŽ  8 transition. The higher energy electronic transition is promotion of an electron from a ÃŽ   bonding molecular orbital into a ÃŽ   antibonding molecular orbital, a ÃŽ   ÃŽ  8 transition. This means that only a compounds with electrons or nonbonding electrons can produce UV/Vis spectra. Conclusion: The composition of the iron complex ions in solution can be observed by a spectrophotometer. With this, the complex ion can be determined by method of continuous variation or Jobs method. From this method, the number of ligand that attached to the metal can be determined. The determine value is y=1. This indicate that there are only 1 ligand is attached to the iron metal and they only have 2 bonds between the ligand and metal. The molar absorptivity (ÃŽ µ) of the mixture of ammonium iron (III) sulphate and salicylic acid is 0.298 L mol−1 cm−1.

An Ethical Evaluation of Peer-to-Peer File Swapping Essays -- File Sha

An Ethical Evaluation of Peer-to-Peer File Swapping Abstract The last few years has seen an explosion in the use of the Internet as a means for exchanging, free of charge, digital media by way of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing technologies. Initially, the practice was primarily limited to the swapping of music, in the form of MP3 files. The pervasiveness of broadband, the advent of newer file types, and the creation of more sophisticated technologies has subsequently made possible the exchange of other types as well – including movies, television shows and software. Again, for free. In this paper, we will explore the ethical considerations of this practice as it relates to Intellectual Property (IP) – whether protected by copyright law or not. We will concentrate primarily on music, but where appropriate, other media will be considered, as many of the issues are common across the different types. Taking a global perspective, one must keep in mind that the term â€Å"copyright† is not universally defined, accepted, or enforced. We must therefore use the term with the United State’s definition as a basis. However, absent U.S. law, we must also consider the creator’s intent as it relates to the distribution and use of his or her work. This exploration will lead us to a universal position – one that claims that the wide-scale, free exchange of Intellectual Property by means of P2P technology is unethical. The Technology The P2P model gained wide scale notoriety with the success of Napster in late 1999. Almost overnight, P2P and Napster became household words. There are essentially two variations of the P2P model – the Napster model and the Gnutella model. Both follow the fundamental principle of P2P sharing ... ... Article also available on the web at: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101030505-447204,00.html [10] Preston Carter – engineer at Hewlett-Packard – and a very insightful friend. References In addition to references cited above: Nolo Press, Nolo Law For All, Copyright Ownership: Who Owns What? http://nolo.com/lawcenter/ency/article.cfm/objectid/BABFA71E-97C9-479F-8A9D4C3DB2498663/catID/2EB060FE-5A4B-4D81-883B0E540CC4CB1E Nolo Press, Nolo Law For All, Copyrighting Your Software – Why Bother? http://nolo.com/lawcenter/ency/article.cfm/objectID/B09BB4E7-5744-4131-8B29ACD7CC408853/catID/2EB060FE-5A4B-4D81-883B0E540CC4CB1E Nolo Press, Nolo Law For All, Copyright Protection: What It Is, How It Works http://nolo.com/lawcenter/ency/article.cfm/objectid/6A6540E0-325F-4BBE-A9B64DB3BB7BAAF0/catID/2EB060FE-5A4B-4D81-883B0E540CC4CB1E

Cognitive Approach Essay

Abstract: There are pros and cons to everything in life. Because I just started my education program, I was interested in researching the positive and negatives effects of an inclusion classroom. I wondered, what exactly were the positive effects this type of setting had on its special education population? I have always felt, in my opinion, that inclusion classrooms are helpful in numerous ways, but now it was time to see if research agreed. History and Background: In the past special education students were separated from general education students. â€Å"At the federal level, the recent No Child Left Behind Act (2001) and the current and previous versions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1997, 2004) require access to the general education curriculum for students with disabilities† (Berry, 2006, p.490). Methodology: An inclusion classroom, also known as a CTT or Collaborative Team Teaching classroom, is a classroom that has both a general education population, as well as special education population, combined together. This special education population consists of children with mild to moderate disabilities, including physical, emotional, and learning. According to Berry (2006) â€Å"inclusion may be defined as 100% placement in age-appropriate general education or as a range of learning opportunities both within and outside the general education classroom† (p.490). A teacher can evaluate different perceptions based on how the students communicate with each other. Results: Berry (2006) found that students with disabilities often have difficulty not only academically, but socially. Placing these students in an inclusion classroom, as opposed to the smaller setting of years ago, helps students to benefit enormously. Depriving disabled children from participating in an inclusive classroom setting, â€Å"may underestimate the extent to which these students might benefit from social interactions and, at the most, deprive them of critical opportunities for learning and participation that can lead to autonomy and empowerment in classroom interactions† (Berry, 2006, p.492). Discussion: Inclusion classrooms have two teachers, one that specialized in special education, while the other focuses on general education. While the classroom functions as any other classroom would, incorporating whole, group, and individualized instruction, the smaller classroom setting and extra adults in the room to be quite helpful in helping those students who were struggling. The teachers make sure to use varied teaching techniques  and made sure to accommodate many different learning styles in their lessons. Howard Gardner, an educational theorist, believed in the idea of â€Å"multiple intelligences.† Gardner believed every child learned differently. According to Berry (2006) it is important for the teachers to learn how their students learn best in order for them to achieve their fullest potential. The teacher also observes how students interact with one another. Bias/Limitations: It has said that inclusion classrooms can hold back a general education student from progressing at a steady pace; when students were paired with other struggling students. I also found the combination of students of all different academic levels to play a positive role. While the â€Å"higher† student helped the â€Å"weaker† student academically, both learned social skills. Conclusion: Berry also discusses how language is a useful tool in an inclusion classroom. Berry discusses how reciprocal teaching is often used in these types of classrooms. Reciprocal teaching is a strategy in which the teacher uses â€Å"talk† to make her ideas clear. This â€Å"talk† is often focused around comprehension skills such as predicting, questioning, summarizing and clarifying (Berry, 2006). Why article was selected: The education system has come a long way since before the No Child Left Behind Act. In the past, any child with â€Å"special needs† was placed on the fourth floor of the building, out of sight. When the general education students saw any of the children with special needs, it was only at lunch, and they were easily identified because they were kept in small groups away from the other children. Today, inclusion has made it possible for many of children to interact and learn in the same environment as their peers. They are being treated as equals, rather than being hidden away in a corner. Reference: Berry, R. (2006). Inclusion, power and community: Teachers and students interpret the language of community in an inclusion classroom. American Educational Research Journal 43(3).

The Basketball Association of America was founded Essays

The Basketball Association of America was founded Essays The Basketball Association of America was founded in 1946 by owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" \o "Northeastern United States" Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Canada. On November 1, 1946, in Toronto , Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens , in a game the NBA now regards as the first played in its history. [6] The first basket was made by HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossie_Schectman" \o "Ossie Schectman" Ossie Schectman of the Knickerbockers. Although there had been earlier attempts at professional basketball leagues, including the American Basketball League and the NBL, the BAA was the first league to attempt to play primarily in large arenas in major cities. During its early years, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly be tter than in competing leagues or among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters . For instance, the 1948 ABL finalist Baltimore Bullets moved to the BAA and won that league's 1948 title, and the 1948 NBL champion Minneapolis Lakers won the 1949 BAA title. Prior to the 1948-49 season, however, NBL teams from Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Minneapolis, and Rochester jumped to the BAA, which established the BAA as the league of choice for collegians looking to turn professional. [7] Following the 1948-49 season, the BAA took in the remainder of the NBL: Syracuse, Anderson, Tri-Cities, Sheboygan, Denver, and Waterloo. In deference to the merger and to avoid possible legal complications, the league name was changed from the BAA to the National Basketball Association in spite of having the same BAA governing body including Podoloff . [7] The new league had seventeen franchises located in a mix of large and small cities , [8] as well as large arenas and smaller gymnasiums and armories . In 1950, the NBA consolidated to eleven franchises, a process that continued until 1953-54, when the league reached its smallest size of eight franchises: the New York Knicks , Boston Celtics , Philadelphia Warriors , Minneapolis Lakers , Rochester Royals , Fort Wayne Pistons , Tri-Cities Blackhawks , and Syracuse Nationals , all of which remain in the league today. The process of contraction saw the league's smaller-city franchises move to larger cities. The Hawks shifted from the Tri- Cities to Milwaukee in 1951, and then to St. Louis in 1955. The Rochester Royals moved from Rochester, New York , to Cincinnati in 1957 and the Pistons relocated from Fort Wayne, Indiana , to Detroit in 1957.

Cause and Effect Essay Topics

Cause and Effect Essay Topics Cause and Effect Essay Topics Don’t know how to write a good cause-and-effect essay? Choosing among the topics offered here will make it easier for you to do it. All of these topics meet the quality standards and academic needs. Don’t hesitate to use any of them and achieve the best result! Relationships Why is divorce rate so high today? How does divorce impact family and children? Do social media affect family life? What is the nature of conflicts between siblings? Does childbearing affect the career? Does a strong family relationship make people healthier? How does a girl’s relationship with her father affect her own life as a married woman? What factors are crucial for family relationships? Social Issues What factors affect the levels of richness and poverty in the USA? Does poverty reduce the chances to succeed in life and career? Do violent games affect children’s relationships with their peers? How can non-governmental organizations help prevent global climate change? How does religious discrimination affect social stability? Why do people all over the world eat low-quality foods? Can low-quality water affect people’s health? Healthcare Why are so many Americans overweight? Why do people fail to prevent disease occurrence and complications? Why do people fail to adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen? What are the health effects of stress and anxiety? Why does cancer research fail to bring visible results? Why do people seek help in alternative treatments? Can information technologies facilitate access to healthcare? Why are cardiovascular diseases so common in America? Technology Do computer games affect child psychology? Does cellphone communication affect personal relationships? Does shopping online make people spend more money? Â   How can social media help teenagers build relationships? What are the effects of bullying at school? Why do teenagers often spend their time online? Education What do talented students think about studying in a regular school? Why do most children dislike going to school? Do technologies facilitate the learning process? Can homeschooling replace schools? Does wearing school uniform reduce the incidence of conflicts among students? Why do teachers face the risks of burnout? Is children’s health affected by spending more time at school? History How did British and French colonialism alter the people around the globe? Why did the American Revolution begin? What were the causes of the Civil War? How did WWII affect the Jews all over the world? What caused numerous civil rights movements in the 1960s? What were the causes of the 9/11? Can illegal immigration damage social wellbeing in America?

Introducing an Innovative Product to the UK Market Case Study

Introducing an Innovative Product to the UK Market - Case Study Example The Smarttrainer is a shoe also known as 'intelligent' shoes. They are sports shoes that have permanently built-in drip in each shoe. The chips measure a variety of aspects of the user's measurement and upload this in real time to a display/controller worn on the wrist. The chip runs on a built-in battery that is kept charged by the movement of the shoe. The use of the chip is each shoe enables great accuracy in measurement as the movement of the shoes, for instance, stride distance and speed are measured by the chips comparing their location against one another. It is a specially designed shoe which is accompanied by a wrist controller. The shoe adds the wrist controller are sold as one product. Data from the shoe is transmitted wirelessly to the wrist unit. The wrist acts as a display, data store and also a timing device. With this unit, the user can read data and programme the chips to give the information required. The product will come in three types all containing the same chips. These are a track running shoe, a general cross-trainer and a walking shoe. These will be one type of wrist for all types of shoes. It will help the consumer to get vital information on health and other areas especially when exercising. It will help show the progress the consumer is making when exercising. It is important for Goldsport to understand how the product will be classified in the UK market. The Smarttrainer is considered to be a durable product. This is because the product will not be consumed relatively quickly as it last as for a long period of time. () considering this, the company can be aware of how to position the Smarttrainer in the UK market. 4. The Environment To reach the set objectives, it is obligatory to understand the current situation of the firm. It is therefore essential for the company to be aware of the environmental factors that may affect its product in the UK. According to Masterson and Pickton (2004), the environment of a firm can be divided into two parts; internal and external environments using the pestle method of analysis.

Latino film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Latino film - Essay Example Similarly, the character of Frida Kahlo in 2002 Frida film (dir. Julie Taymor) is a central figure in a movie that tells the story of Frida Kahlo’s life. This character, despite some major differences from the character of Rosa, is able to fight for her own happiness and evolves as a strong representation of a Latin American woman. THESIS STATEMENT: Although women in El Norte and Frida are represented through completely different stories, time periods, and in totally different contexts, they have several important things in common. First of all, they both struggle against life circumstances; they both set out on a quest for happiness; they both evolve as strong personalities; and they both face untimely deaths without having found happiness on earth. Rosa in the Movie El Norte Rosa and her brother Enrique are the protagonists of El Norte, an epic movie about immigration and cultural conflicts and the quest for happiness. At its simplest, the movie may be perceived as a chronic led attempt of two Guatemalan teenagers to escape the brutalities of the military regime in Guatemala through illegal emigration to the United States. Rosa (Zaide Silvia Guierrez), a teenage Guatemalan girl, is portrayed epically, through a range of events in her life. She thinks, decides, acts, and eventually occupies the leading position in the film: when she dies, Enrique’s (David Villalpando) life goes empty and he supposedly commits a suicide. In this section of the paper, the focus will be put on the character of Rosa: what role it has in the film, how she changes throughout the film, how she struggles for her happiness, and how she evolves as a strong personality in due course of the film. Rosa’s central role in El Norte is evidenced by her clear decision-making part and her drive to find a better place to live, to achieve happiness and peace. An Indian woman by origin, she takes the decision to take her chances and flee to the U.S. with her brother Enrique. The off-spring of the Maya who have lived in Guatemala for centuries, Rosa makes up her mind to seek peace and happiness in a totally different culture. Raised on myths of the Mayan people, who have their own perception of the world and their own vision of life, Rosa makes a really tough decision. For her, to go to the United States or to go el norte means to enter the world totally alien and appallingly different. Yet she takes this step driven by her desire to find a home far away from the place where she was born and raised. Indeed, Guatemala failed to be her home, so Rosa hopes to find another one. While these dreams are not devoid of practical background (Rosa gets to know from Enrique that in the United States even poor people own their cars), her decision is more romantically inspired than carefully developed. Anyway, in the empty house where she and Enrique are under the threat of being murdered or abducted (just as their parents were), no one waits for them, except for the gho sts of their ancestors. Thus, there is no choice. Yet, there is hope. Hence, Rosa’s central role is displayed through her decision-making, which proves central to the whole movie. As a female character, Rosa constructs her character through a series of morose events and happenings, all of which leave an imprint on her tender yet resolute self.